Tinjauan Klimatologis Kejadian Banjir Bandang di Kabupaten Lahat, Sumatera Selatan Tanggal 5 Juli 2023

Shinta Mediany; Yosafat Donni Haryanto; Ahmad Fadlan

doi:10.25077/jfu.14.3.279-290.2025

Authors

Shinta Mediany Stasiun Klimatologi Sumatera Selatan, BMKG
Yosafat Donni Haryanto Program Studi Meteorologi, Sekolah Tinggi Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika
Ahmad Fadlan Program Studi Meteorologi, Sekolah Tinggi Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25077/jfu.14.3.279-290.2025

Keywords:

Flash flood, Heavy Rainfall, Madden-Julian Oscillation, Intertropical Convergene Zone

Abstract

BPBD reported that a flash flood occurred in Lahat Regency due to high rainfall in the early hours of Wednesday, July 5, 2023. This led to an overflow of the Lematang River, causing flooding that submerged roads and parts of residential areas. Therefore, research is essential to understand atmospheric dynamics and review climatological conditions during the flash flood event in Lahat Regency, covering Pulau Pinang District, Lahat District, and Mulak Sebingkai District. This research is expected to serve as a scientific basis for mitigation and adaptation measures against hydrometeorological disasters. Global phenomena such as the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO), El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), and monsoon activity have been analyzed. The analysis of local and regional-scale meteorological parameters was conducted using atmospheric reanalysis datasets from JRA-3Q, NCEP/NCAR, and NCICS. Additionally, a climatological review was carried out based on rainfall data from several cooperative rain gauge stations around the affected area, supplemented with GSMaP satellite data. The study indicates that the flash flood was caused by heavy to very heavy rainfall in the surrounding areas. This rainfall resulted from several factors, including the active MJO over the Indian Ocean, wind convergence, and the presence of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) extending along the western part of Sumatra. The presence of a low-pressure area enhanced the potential for convective cloud formation, further intensified by atmospheric moisture levels exceeding 80% at the 850 mb layer, increasing water vapor content in the upper atmosphere. A historical data review shows that, climatologically, the rainfall during the flash flood event represented the highest recorded daily maximum rainfall for July within the observation period, surpassing pentad and decadal averages. The influence of global, regional, and local-scale phenomena contributed to the increased rainfall intensity in the flash flood-affected area.

References

Kozu, T. dan Nakamura, K., 1991, Rainfall Parameter Estimation from Dual-Radar Measurements Combining Reflectivity Profile and Path-Integrated Attenuation, Journal of Atmospheric And Oceanic Technology, Vol. 8, hal. 259 – 271.

Kozu, T., Reddy, K. K., Mori, S., Thurai, M., Ong, J. T., Rao, D. N., dan Shimomai, T., 2006, Seasonal and Diurnal Variations of Raindrop Size Distribution in Asian Monsoon Region, Journal of the Meteorology Society Of Japan, Vol. 84A, hal. 195 – 209.

Marzuki, Kozu, T., Shimomai, T., Randeu, W. L., Hashiguchi, H., dan Shibagaki, Y., Diurnal variation of rain attenuation obtained from measurement of raindrop size distribution In equatorial, IEEE Trans. Ant. Propag., Vol. 57, (4), Pt.II, hal. 1191-1196

Marzuki, Kozu, T., Shimomai, T, Hashiguchi, H., Randeu, W. L., dan Vonnisa, M., 2010, Raindrop Size Distribution of Convective Rain over Equatorial Indonesia During the First CPEA Campaign, Atmospheric Research, Vol. 96, hal. 645 – 655.

Marzuki, M., Hashiguchi, H., Yamamoto, M. K., Mori, S., dan Yamanaka, M. D., 2013a, Regional Variability of Raindrop Size Distribution over Indonesia, Annales Geophysicae, Vol. 31, hal. 1941 – 1948.

Marzuki, Randeu, W. L., Kozu, T., Hashiguchi, H., dan Schonhuber M, 2013b, Raindrop Axis Ratio, Fall Velocities and Size Distribution over Sumatra from 2D – Video Disdrometer Measurement, Atmospheric Research, Vol. 119, hal. 23 – 37.

Marzuki, Hashiguchi, H., Yamamoto, M. K., Yamamoto, M., Mori, S., Yamanaka, M. D., Carbone, R. E. dan Tuttle, J. D., 2013c, Cloud Episode Propagation Over the Indonesian Maritime Continent from 10 years of Infrared Brightness Temperature Observations, Atmospheric Research, Vol. 120-121, hal. 268-286

Rasmussen, K. L.dan Houze., A., 2012, A Flash-Flooding Storm at the Steep Edge of High Terrain: Disaster in the Himalayas. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., Vol. 93, Hal.1713–1724.doi: https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-11-00236.1

Matthew C. Wheeler and Harry H. Hendon, 2004: An All-Season Real-Time Multivariate MJO Index: Development of an Index for Monitoring and Prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 132, 1917–1932.

Wahyu., 2014. Banjir bandang Mendadak Penyebab dan Upaya Mengatasinya, https://green.kompasiana.com/iklim/2014/01/16/banjir-bandang-mendadak-penyebabdan-upaya-mengatasinya 628345.html, diakses Desember 2024.

Prawirowardoyo, S., 1996. Meteorologi. Institut Teknologi Bandung. Bandung.

Ramdhan, M. (2021). Metode Penelitian. Cipta Media Nusantara.

Syahza, A. (2021). Metodologi Penelitian (Edisi revi). Unri Press.

https://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/data/indices/sstoi.indices di akses Desember 2024

https://psl.noaa.gov/mddb2/makePlot.html?variableID=2705&fileID=118911 di akses Desember 2024

https://www.bom.gov.au/climate/enso/soi/di akses Desember 2024

https://www.bom.gov.au/climate/enso/indices.shtml?bookmark=nino3.4 di akses Desember 2024

Nasution, L.M.,2017). Statistik deskriptif, Jurnal Hikmah, 14(1), 49-55.

Anwar, Y., Setiawan, B., & Nurjaya, I. W. (2006). Meteorologi dan Klimatologi: Teori dan Aplikasinya. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.

Hadi, T. W. (2018). Dasar-dasar Ilmu Atmosfer dan Cuaca. Jakarta: Universitas Indonesia Press.

Lestari, S., & Susanti, D. (2017). Analisis hubungan antara suhu udara dengan kelembapan dan curah hujan di Indonesia. Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika Indonesia, 18(2), 45–56.

Suryadi, F., & Kurniawan, B. (2012). Dinamika suhu permukaan dan dampaknya terhadap variabilitas cuaca di Indonesia. Jurnal Sains Atmosfer, 10(1), 24–35.

Anwar, S., & Prasetyo, H. (2018). Hubungan antara suhu udara dengan intensitas curah hujan di wilayah tropis. Jurnal Klimatologi Indonesia, 10(4), 101–109.

Setiawan, B., & Dewi, L. (2017). Pengaruh suhu udara terhadap pola angin permukaan di wilayah dataran rendah. Jurnal Meteorologi dan Geofisika, 9(2), 78–85.

Wahyuni, S., & Aminah, H. (2020). Studi tentang variabilitas suhu udara dan curah hujan di Indonesia dengan menggunakan data satelit. Jurnal Penelitian Cuaca dan Iklim, 13(1), 22–32.