Analisis Hindcasting Gelombang Terhadap Perubahan Garis Pantai di Perairan Pesisir Pantai Padang Menggunakan Data Angin Permukaan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jfu.11.3.334-340.2022Keywords:
abrasi, akresi, garis pantai, gelombang pecah, Pantai PadangAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gelombang pecah dan mengetahui perubahan garis pantai di sepanjang Pantai Padang, Kecamatan Padang Barat, Kota Padang. Metode yang digunakan berdasarkan data angin di masa lampau (hindcasting) yaitu menggunakan data angin 10 tahun (2010-2019) yang diperoleh dari Stasiun Meteorologi Maritim Teluk Bayur untuk mendapatkan tinggi dan periode gelombang yang signifikan. Untuk mengetahui perubahan garis pantai yang terjadi digunakan metode tumpang susun (overlay) citra satelit Landsat 5 TM tahun 2011 dan Landsat 8 OLI/TIRS tahun 2019, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) untuk menghitung laju perubahan garis Pantai Padang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gelombang di perairan Pantai Padang didominasi oleh gelombang dari arah Barat Daya dengan tinggi gelombang 1,58 m dan periode gelombang 5,27 s. Tinggi gelombang pecah yang diperoleh adalah 1,1 m dan pecah pada kedalaman 3 m dari bibr pantai. Gelombang pecah yang terjadi secara terus menerus menyebabkan garis Pantai Padang mengalami kemunduran (abrasi) dengan laju abrasi 3,50 m/tahun. Abrasi terbesar terletak di daerah Muaro Lasak, Purus. Penumpukan-penumpukan sedimen yang dibawa oleh gelombang dan kembali ke pantai menyebabkan terjadinya akresi (penumpukan sedimen) dengan laju akresi sebesar 3,89 m/tahun. Akresi terbesar terletak di belakang Hotel Pangeran Beach, Rimbo Kaluang.References
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