Perbandingan Anomali Frekuensi Kritis Lapisan F2 (Fof2) Ionosfer Pada Gempa Bumi Laut Dan Gempa Bumi Darat Pulau Sumatera
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jfu.10.1.41-47.2021Abstract
Pada saat akan terjadinya gempa bumi, maka akan diikuti dengan peningkatan injeksi gas radon di daerah zona persiapan gempa. Gas radon ini akan menyebabkan perubahan terhadap lapisan ionosfer. Telah dilakukan analisis perbedaan anomali frekuensi kritis lapisan F2 ionosfer (foF2) sebelum kejadian gempa laut dan gempa darat menggunakan ionogram ionosonda FMCW (Frequency Modulation Continous Wave) untuk melihat perbedaan karakteristiknya. Terdapat 5 kejadian gempa darat dan 5 kejadian gempa laut yang dianalisis.  Rentang hari pengambilan ionogram adalah 21 hari sebelum kejadian gempa bumi (analisis prekursor gempa bumi) dan 7 hari setelah kejadian gempa bumi (respon lapisan ionosfer setelah gempa bumi). Terdapat 13.440 buah ionogram yang di-scaling manual. Perbandingan intensitas anomali foF2 pada gempa laut dan gempa darat terlihat acak dan tidak memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda. Anomali foF2 sudah terlihat 21 hari sebelum gempa darat. Pada gempa laut kemunculan anomali foF2 juga sudah terlihat 21 hari sebelum gempa bumi tetapi hanya untuk gempa dengan magnitudo besar saja yaitu gempa 12 September 2007 (7,7 SR dan 7,9 SR) dan 11 April 2012 (8,4 SR). Kemunculan anomali foF2 terakhir beberapa jam sebelum gempa bumi darat berakhir lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan gempa laut. Respon lapisan ionosfer terhadap aktivitas seismik dari gempa darat lebih cepat dari pada gempa laut. Anomali foF2 dipengaruhi oleh sumber gempa bumi, kedalaman dan magnitudo.
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Comparing the characteristic critical frequency anomaly of the ionosphere F2 layer (foF2) concerning land earthquake and sea earthquake during 2005 – 2016 in Sumatera region has been carried out. Ionogram data from the Frequency Modulation Continous Wave (FMCW) ionosonde instrument were analyzed for each of the five earthquakes. The foF2 anomaly in sea earthquake and land earthquake looks random. The foF2 anomaly was seen 21 before the earthquake. For the land earthquake, the foF2 anomaly has also been seen 21 days before the earthquake but only with large magnitudes (> 7.7 SR). The last foF2 anomaly was observed several hours before the land earthquake, ending the anomaly sooner than sea earthquake. Thus, the ionosphere layer response to seismic activity from the land arthquake was faster than sea earthquakes. The foF2 anomaly is influenced by earthquake source, depth, and magnitude.
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