Analisis Kerawanan Bencana Longsor dari Karakteristik Hujan, Pergerakan Tanah dan Kemiringan Lereng di Kabupaten Agam
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25077/jfu.10.1.8-14.2021Abstract
Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh intensitas curah hujan, pergerakan tanah, dan kemiringan lereng terhadap kejadian longsor di Kabupaten Agam, Sumatera Barat. Nilai hujan pemicu longsor dibuat berdasarkan data curah hujan dari satelit GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) pada tiap kejadian longsor di Kabupaten Agam. Kejadian longsor yang diteliti adalah kejadian selama tahun 2019 sampai 2020. Pergerakan tanah dianalisa dari data satelit Sentinel-1 yang diolah dengan menggunakan metode DInSAR (Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar). Interval nilai hujan pemicu longsor di Kabupaten Agam didapatkan sebesar 0,05 - 62,64 mm/hari. Nilai curah hujan tahunan di daerah ini didapatkan sebesar 2.467,7 - 3.611,5 mm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Kabupaten Agam mengalami penurunan tanah yang ditandai dengan nilai pergerakan tanah sebesar 0 s/d -0,737017 cm/tahun. Daerah di Kabupaten Agam dengan tingkat kerawanan longsor sangat rendah (0,75%) dan rendah (10,53%) tersebar pada kawasan bagian tenggara. Daerah dengan tingkat kerawanan longsor sedang (45,11%) tersebar pada kawasan bagian barat hingga selatan yang didominasi oleh faktor pergerakan tanah yang cukup besar dan kelerengan yang curam. Daerah dengan tingkat kerawanan longsor tinggi (39,85%) dan sangat tinggi (3,76%) tersebar pada kawasan bagian utara yang faktor dominannya adalah curah hujan tinggi, pergerakan tanah besar, dan kelerengan yang curam.
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This research investigates precipitation intensity, land movement, and topographic slope on landslides in Agam Regency, West Sumatra. The landslide events, which are analyzed, are from 2019 to 2020. The precipitation intensity for each landslide event is estimated from GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) observation. The land movement is estimated by the Sentinel-1 satellite data, processed by using DInSAR (Differential Interferometry Synthetic Aperture Radar) method. The precipitation intensity, which includes landslides, is around 0.05 - 62.64 mm/day. Furthermore, the annual precipitation value of this region is about 2467.7 - 3611.5 mm. The result shows that Agam Regency has experienced land subsidence by the velocity rate varying from 0 to -0.737018 cm/year. The southeast region of Agam Regency is categorized as very low (0.75%) to low (10.53%) landslide vulnerability areas. The west to the south region of Agam Regency is categorized as moderate landslide vulnerability areas (45.11%), large land movement, and steep slope. The areas with high (39.85%) to very high (3.76%) landslide vulnerability are scattered in the north, dominated by high precipitation intensity, large land movement, and steep slope factors
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