ANALISIS PENGARUH EL NINO SOUTHERN OSCILATION (ENSO) TERHADAP CURAH HUJAN DI KOTO TABANG SUMATERA BARAT

Authors

  • Triana Vitri Jurusan Fisika FMIPA Universitas Andalas
  • Marzuki - Jurusan Fisika FMIPA Universitas Andalas

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.25077/jfu.3.4.214-221.2014

Abstract

ABSTRAK

Curah hujan merupakan parameter yang tingkat variabilitasnya tinggi terhadap lokasi maupun waktu yang disebabkan oleh faktor lokal maupun global. Di dalam tugas akhir ini diteliti pengaruh El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) terhadap curah hujan di Koto Tabang, Sumatera Barat tahun 2002-2012 yang terekam oleh Optical Rain Gauge (ORG). Pengaruh ENSO terlihat jelas dari hujan bulanan yang menyebabkan dua puncak hujan yaitu pada Oktober-November dan Maret-Mei. Lebih dari 70% total curah hujan yang terjadi di Koto Tabang berasal dari hujan jam 12-24 dengan puncak pada jam 16-17 WIB. Secara keseluruhan nilai intensitas curah hujan dari hasil pengamatan untuk persentase <0,01% lebih kecil dari rekomendasi ITU-R. Kesesuaian antara hasil pengamatan dan rekomendasi ITU-R hanya terlihat pada fasa La Nina kuat. Untuk fasa El Nino, perbedaan intensitas curah hujan hasil pengamatan dengan rekomendasi ITU-R menjadi lebih besar untuk persentase <1%.

Kata kunci : El Nino Southern Oscilation (ENSO), Optical Rain Gauge (ORG),  ITU-R

Abstract

Rainfall has strong variability both spatial and temporal which is due to local and global factors. This thesis is devoted to investigate the impact of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the rainfall at Koto Tabang, West Sumatera using data 2002-2012 recorded by an Optical Rain Gauge (ORG). The effect of ENSO on Koto Tabang rainfall can be observed clearly from monthly data in which ENSO generates two peaks of rainfall, i.e., October-November and March-May. Approximately 70% of the rainfall amount comes from 12-24 local time with a peak around 16-17. In general, the cumulative distribution of measured rain rates at small time percentages (<0,01%)  is smaller than that obtained from the ITU-R model. A fairly good agreement between measurement and ITU-R model was observed during strong La Nina phase. Significant differences between the recorded data and the ITU-R model are seen during El Nino phase.

Keywords : El Nino Southern Oscilation (ENSO), Optical Rain Gauge (ORG), ITU-R

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Published

2024-10-26

Issue

Vol. 3 No. 4: Oktober 2014

Section

Articles

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Copyright (c) 2024 Triana Vitri, Marzuki -

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